QURBANI

and Aqueeqa

PART 13

Qurbani MASAA'IL

"It is not their meat, nor their blood that reaches Allah: it is your piety that reaches Him."

THE FIRST TEN DAYS OF ZUL HIJJAH

Hazrat Ibn Abbas (R. A) relates that Rasulullah (S.A.W.) said "On no other days are good deeds more liked by Allah than on these days meaning the first ten days of Zil Hijjah". The Sahaabah (R.A.) asked: "O Rasulullah (S.A.W.), not even Jihaad in the way of Allah?" Rasulullah (S.A.W.) replied: "Not even Jihaad in the way of Allah, except for that person who goes out to fight with his life and wealth and does not return with anything." [Bukhari]

Rasulullah (S.A.W.) said: "On no days is the worship of Allah desired more than in the first ten days of Zil Hijjah. The fast of each of these days is equal to the fast of a whole year, and the Ibaadat (worship) of each of these nights is equal to the Ibaadat of Laylatul Qadr.

Tirmizi & Ibn Maajah.

It is related from Ibn Abbas (R.A) that Rasulullah (S.A.W.) said: "No days are as weighty with Allah and so liked by Him for good deeds than the first ten days of Zil Hijjah. So in these days increasingly read:

• TASBEEH (Subhanallah)
• TAHLEEI (Lailaha Illallah)
• TAHMEED (Alhamdulillah)
• TAKBEER (Allahu Akbar)

THE FAST OF YOWM - E - ARAFAH

Hazrat Abu Qataadah al-Ansari (R.A.) relates that Rasulullah (S.A.W.) was asked about the Saum (fast) on the day of Arafah (i.e. the 9th Zill Hijjah). He said: "It compensates for the minor sins of the past year and the coming year."

Muslim.

Rasulullah (S.A.W.) has said: "The most acceptable Dutaa is that which is made on the day of A'afah, and the best Du'aa which the Prophets before me, and 1, have made is:

("There is no Deity besides Allah, He is alone. He has no partner. To Him belongs the sovereignty, and unto Him belongs all praise, and He is all-powerful.)

[Tirmizi]

It is related that Rasulullah (S.A.W.) said: "Whoever stays awake and make Ibaadat on the nights of Eidul Fitr and Eidul Adhaa, his heart will not die on the day when all the hearts will be dead."

Hazrat Muaaz ibn Jabal (R.A.) relates that Rasulullah (S.A.W.) said,: "Jannat is Waajib for those who stay awake with the intention of making Ibaadat on the following nights: 8th, 9th and 10th of Zil Hijjah, the night of Eidul Fitr and the night of the 15th of Sha'baan."

[Targheeb].

THE IMPORTANCE OF QURBANI

1. It is not their meat, nor their blood that reaches Allah. It is your piety that reaches Him: QURAN.
2. It is related from Hadrat Ayesha (R.A.) that Rasulullah (Salallaho Alaihe Wa Sallam) has said: "There is nothing dearer to Allah during the days of Qurbani than the sacrific-ing of animals. The sacrificed animal shall come on the day of Qiyamah with its horns, hair and hooves (to be weighed in Sawaab). The sacrifice is accepted by Allah before the blood reaches the ground. Therefore sacrifice with an open and happy heart."
3. Hadrat Zaid ibn Arqam R.A. relates that the companions of Rasulullah (Salallaho Alaihe Wa Sallam) asked: "O Rasulullah what is Qurbani?" He replied: "It is the Sunnah of your father Ibrahim." They asked again: "What benefit do we get from it?" He answered, "A reward for every hair of the sacrificed animal." "And what reward is there for ani-mals with wool? they aksed. "A reward for every fibre of the wool," replied the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihe wa Sallam).
4. Rasulullah (Salallaho Alaihe Wa Salllam) has said: "The person who makes Qurbani with a willing heart and with the niyyat of Sawaab, then on the day of Judgement that Qurbani will shield him from the fires of Hell." Every Muslim should take advantage of this opportunity and sacrifice as many animals as he can afford. The wealthy should make Nafil Qurbani for Rasulullah (Salallaho Alaihe Wa Sallam), his Ummat, and for their own living or deceased relatives.. Permission for Nafil Qurbani is not necessary.

WARNING FOR THOSE WHO IGNORE QURBANI

There is a tradition related form Hazrat Abu Hurairah (R.A.) that Rasulullah (S.A.W.) said that the person who has the means of performing Qurbani but does not do so should not even come NEAR our EIDGAH, (place of Eid Namaaz).

ON WHOM IS QURBANI WAAlIB?

1. Qurbani is Waajib on all Muslims (male and female) who are sane, Baaligh (have reached the age of puberty) and are the possessors of minimum Zakatable wealth (Nisah) i.e. about R 230,00. It is not necessary that the ownership of such wealth be for a full year.
2. Qurbani is Waajib on a man for himself only, not for his wife and children. However, it is his duty to see that his wife's and grown-up (Baaligh) children's Qurbani are made if they are possessors of Nisaab. If he makes their Qurbani out of his wealth with their permission, their Qurbani will be valid.
3. Qurbani is not Waajib on poor people (who do not possess wealth equal to Nissab) nor on travellers (Mussaafirs) nor on minors. If a minor reaches the age of puberty or a Musaafir becomes a Muqeem, i.e. by completing his journey or in-tending to stay in one place for 15 days or more, before the sunset of the 12th Zil Hijjah, then Qurbani is Waajib on them.
4. Qurbani on behalf of a deceased person is Waajib if he had made a.Wasiyyat that it should be undertaken from his wealth, provided the cost does not exceed one third of his net estate.
5. Qurbani is Waajib on a person who makes a Nazr (Vow), i.e. if a certain work of mine is carried out I will make Qurbani, then Qurbani becomes Waajib on him when that task is accomplished. This Qurbani must be carried out in the days of Qurbani, unless it is generally excepted and understood that merely slaughtering an animal on ANY DAY is referred to as Qurbani, and this had been the intention of the person who made a vow, then it will be permissible for him to sacrifice an animal on any day.
6. If a poor person buys an animal during the days of Qurbani, with the intention of Qurbani then it becomes Waajib upon him to sacrifice this animal. However, if this animal dies or gets lost, Qurbani will not remain Waajib on him. It will not be necessary for him to buy another animal.If he buys another animal and thereafter the first one is found, it becomes Waajib upon him to sacrifice both animals.
7. A person on whom Qurbani is Waajib, purchased an animal for sacrifice. Thereafter this animal was lost, stolen or died. In such a case it will be Waajib to sacrifice another animal in its place. If, after purchasing the second animal the first one is found, the sacrificing of only one animal is Waajib upon him. If he sacrifices the second animal then it is preferable to give as charity the difference in price between the two animals, if there be any, difference e.g. the 1st animal had cost him R 100, and the second had cost him R80. He should now give R20 as charity. However, it is preferable to make Qurbani of both the animals.
8. A person, on whom Qurbani is Waajib, bought an animal for sacrifice. Due to some reason he did not slaughter it on the fixed days of Qurbani. It is now compulsory upon him to give the animal away, alive, as charity. If he did not purchase the animal and Qurbani was Waajib on him, it is obligatory for him tot give as charity, the value of an animal.
9. If a person, on whom Qurbani was Waajib, failed to carry it out for a number of years, should give the value of that number of animals as charity. Slaughtering of that amount of animals during the days of Qurbani will not compensate for the missed Qurbani, but will instead be regarded as voluntary Qurbani.
10. If a person carries out Qurbani on behalf of a person on whom Qurbani is Waajib, without his permission and without his knowing; this Qurbani will not be valid. If it is done with his permission or instruction, it is permissible.
11. It is Mustahab (preferable) for those intending to make Qurbani not to cut their hair or clip their nails (from the time the moon for Zil Hijjah is sighted until after Qurbani.
12. Qurbani is an Ibaadat that has to be carried out every year on whom it is Waajib. Being a Hajee is not a condition for Qurbani becoming Waajib.

THE TIME FOR QURBANI

1. The time for Qurbani begins after Eid Salaat on the 10th of Zil Hijjah and ends at the setting of the sun on the 12th of Zil Hijjah.
2. It is better to make Qurbani on the first day, then the second day and lastly the third day.
3. Qurbani is allowed during the two intervening nights but it is preferable during the day because of the possibility of not slaughtering correctly.
4. People living in remote village areas where Eid Salaat is not performed, may slaughter after Fajr time (Subah Saadiq-early dawn) has set in on the morning of the 10th Zil Hijjah.
5. If a person residing in a town (where Eid Salaat is performed) sends his animal to the village (where Eid Salaat is not performed), it is permissible that his animal be slaughtered before the Eid Salaat.
6. If a doubt occurs as to whether it is the 12th or the 13th, it is Mustahab (preferable) to give away all the meat in sacrifice after slaughtering the animal.
7. If an animal bought for Qurbani was not slaughtered during these days, it must be given away alive, as charity.
8. These days, i.e. the 10th, 11th and the 12th of Ail Hijjab are known as AYYAAMUN NAHR (the days of slaughtering).

CONDITIONS FOR THE QURBANI ANIMAL

1. Qurbani can be made of goats, sheep, cattle and camels; male or female: No other type of animal is allowed for Qurbani.
2. Castrated animals may be used for Qurbani. This type of animal is preferable.
3. Qurbani calf barren animals is also allowed.
4. Goats, sheep have to be at least one year old. However, very healthy sheep that looks one year old may also be used.
5. Cattle must be at least two years old.
6. Camels must be at least five years old.
7. Sheep and goats count as one share per animal. Cattle and camels are divided into seven shares per animal, i.e. the Qurbani of seven persons is allowed with one cow or one camel.
8. If a person sacrifices one cow or camel (without sharing with others), his Qurbani will be accomplished by the whole animal, If the sacrifice several animals instead of one, his Waajib Qurbani will be accomplished by one animal and the other animals will be counted as Nafil (voluntary) Qurbani.
9. If less than seven persons make Qurbani of a cow or camel, it is permissible. If any person's share is less than one seventh, the Qurbani of all the persons will not be valid.
10. If more than seven persons share one COW or camel, the Qurbani of none of them will be valid.
11. When more than one person makes Qurbani a cow or camel, it is a condition for the validity of the Qurbani of all the persons that each one of them have the Niyyat of Qurbani or Aqeeqa. If any one of them has an intention of merely eating meat, the Qurbani of all the share-holders will not be valid.
12. When buying a cow or camel one made an intention that he will share this animal with others. After purchasing the ani-mal he t~inds others to share with him. This Qurbani will be proper.
13. At the time of purchasing a cow or camel one makes the intention that he will not share this animal with others It is now, not good for him, share that animal with others, but if he does, the Qurbani is the share-holders will be valid. Qurbani will also be valid if he is a person upon whom Qurhani is Waajib. i.e. a rich person if he is a poor person then he will have to make Qurbani for that number of shares that he.has given to others. If the days of Qurbani have passed, then he must give the value of that amount of shares to the poor.
14. The animals chosen for Qurbani should be healthy, free from faults and defects.

THE QURBANI ANIMALS
THAT HAVE THE FOLLOWING
DEFECTS CANNOT BE SACRIFICED:

1. An animal that was born without horns or the horns had broken off from the middle, can be used for Qurbani. If the horn has broken off from the root, it cannot be used for Qurbani.
2. Those animals that are totally blind or have lost one-third or more of their eye-sight, or one-third or more of the tail is cut, are not allowed for Qurbani.
3. An animal which limps and walks on three legs and cannot put the injured (4th) leg onto the ground, or that it can put the injured leg onto the ground, but is unable to walk on it, cannot be used for Qurbani. However, if it is unable to walk on it, but can still take support from it, then Qurbani is allowed with it, even though it is limping.
4. Animals having no teeth at all cannot he used for Qurbani. If an animal has lost some teeth only, and has most of the teeth, Qurbani is permissible with it. If most of the teeth are lost, Qurbani is not proper with that animal.
5. Animals born without ears cannot be used for Qurbani. Animals with very small ears can he used for Qurbani.
6. Animals that are so thin and weak or sick that they are unable to walk the place for slaughtering, cannot be used for Qurbani.
7. If an animal sustains an injury whilst slaughtering, ea. a leg breaks or an ear is cut etc. the Qurbani of such an animal will be valid.
8. An animal was bought in a healthy and perfect state. After purchasing it, an accident occurred which rendered the animal unfit for Qurbani. In such a case, if the purchaser is not wealthy (Saahibe Nisaab), it will be permissible to offer the same animal for Qurbani. If the purchaser is Saahibe Nisaab, then it is compulsory upon him to obtain another animal in place of the injured animal.
9. If an animal bought for Qurbani gives birth (before being slaughtered), then this- newly born animal should also be slaughtered.

THE QURBANI MEAT AND
SKIN OF THE A NIMAL

1. It is allowed for a person who performs Qurbani (Waajib or Natal), to either eat the flesh or to give it to whomsoever he pleases, rich or poor, Muslim or non-Muslim.
2. It is preferable that the meat be divided into three parts. One part for the home, one part for relatives and friends and one part for the poor and needy.
3. The meat or skin cannot be given to an employee or to a butcher in payment of his labour. It may be given to them as a gift.
4. The skin of the Qurbani could be kept for one's personal use or could be given to anybody else for their personal use. It could be used as a water bag, Musalla, etc.
5. The Qurbani skin cannot be given in lieu of any type of services. Thus, the skin cannot be given to an Imaam or Mu'azzin in lieu of their services.
6. If the skin is sold, the amount received for it cannot be used by oneself. It Is Waajib to give it away as Sadaqah (charity) to the poor and needy.
7. It is not permissible for one to eat the meat of the following types of Qurbani:
   1. Qurbani that is made as a Kaffaarah for a Jinaayat (error) committed during Haj.
   2. Qurbani performed for a deceased person due to his Wasiyyat, i.e. his instruction before his death.
   3. Qurbani performed due to a Nazar (vow) one had made.

   The meat of the above-mentioned types of Qurbani has to be dis-tributed to the poor and needy ONLY.

8. The meat of Nafil (voluntary) Qurbani which one had made for the deceased, can be eaten by all, similar to one's own Qurbani
9. If more than one person participates in the Qurbani of an animal that has seven shares and each share-holder requests for his share of the meat, then it is necessary that the meat be distributed equally, by weight. If one person's share is more than the others, it will not be permissible as this will become interest.
10. If one person's share of meat is less than the others, but with the meat, he is given the skin or the head or legs of the animal, it will now be permissible. Great care should be taken in order to distribute the meat EQUALLY.

ZABAH (SLAUGHTER) OF THE QURBANI ANIMAL

1. It is Mustahab (preferable) that the person to whom the Qurbani animal belongs, slaughters it personally, provided he is able to slaughter (make Zabah) properly.
2. If the owner is unable lo slaughter, it is better to delegate the Zabah to another Muslim who is acquainted with the require-mcnts of proper Islamic Zabah.
3. A Muslim woman, who knows how to make Zabah, is also permitted to slaughter.
4. If the Zabah has been delegated, it is desirable that the person for whom the Qurbani is being made, be present.
5. The Islamic Zabah requires that the throat, the external jugular veins and the wind-pipe of the animal to be swiftly and clearly severed with a very sharp knife, together with the recital of BISMILLAHI AI.LAHU AKBAR.
6. If only two of the passages and veins are cut, the Zabah will be incorrect. Yes, if any three of the four are cut, the zabah will be in order.
7. It is Mustahab (preferable) to face the Qiblah while slaughtering.
8. It is preferable to sharpen the knife before slaughtering in order to ease the suffering of the animal. After slaughtering, the animal should not be skinned or cut up into pieces before it turns completely cold.
9. An animal should not be slaughtered in the presence of another animal.
10. Du'aa for slaughtering: Lay the throat of the animal towards the Qiblah and recite:

WHILE SLAUGHTERING THE ANIMAL READ:

( "In the name of Allah, Allah is the Greatest.")

DU'A TO BE RECITED AFTER ZABAH (SACRIFICE)

( "O Allah, accept from me (this sacrifice) like You have accepted from Your beloved Mohammed and your friend Ibrahim. Peace be upon them.")

• If these Du'as are not memorised then make intention of Qurbani and merely recite

BISMII.LAH ALL AHU AKBAR.
The Qurbani will he correct.

THE TAKBEERAAT OF TASHRIQ

1. It is Waajib for every adult Muslim to recite the Takbeeraat of Tashriq after every Farz Salaat, which is performed with Jamaat, from the Fajr Salaut on the 9th of Zil Hijjah until after the Asr Salaat on the 13th Ail Hijjah (23 Namaazes).
2. The Takbeer should be recited once after each of the 23 Namaazes.
3. It should be reciting in an audible tone, not silently and not very loudly.
4. It is desirable t'or those who person their Salaat alone (men or women) and Musaufirs (travellers), to recite these Takheeraat softly.
5. The Takheeraat to be recited are as follows:

'Allahu Akhar, Allahu Akhar, Laa llaha Illallahu Wallahu Akhar Allahu Akbar wa Lillahil Hamd.'

("Allah is Great. Allah is Great. There is no Deity besides Allah and Allah is Great. Allah is Great and All praise belongs to him alone. ")

SUNNATS OF EIDUL ADHA

1. Awaken earlier than usual.
2. Brush the teeth with Miswaak.
3. Have a Ghusl (bath).
4. Be well dressed in an Islamic manner.
5. Dress in one's best clothes, not necessarilly new.
6. Use Itr.
7. Perform Eid Salaat at the Eidgaah.
8. Avoid eating before Eid Salaat.
9. (TO to the place of Eid Namaaz (if it is within walking distance).
10. Recite the Takbeeraat aloud on the way to the place of Eid Namaaz.
11. Use different routes to and from the place of Eid Salaat.

AQUEEQA

SACRIFICE OF AN ANIMAL FOR A NEWLY BORM CHILD AND THE REMOVAL OF THE BABY'S HAIR SACRIFICE.

MAS'ALAH No. l: When a child is born, male or female it should be given a name on the seventh day of birth. When the hair of the head of the baby is shaved a sacrifice is also offered which is called AQUEEQA. By Aqueeqa all impurities of the child are removed and the child is saved from all calamities by Allah.

MA`SAI.AH No. 2: The nmethod performing is that for a male child, two goats or sheep and for a girl one goat or sheep is sacrificed. If an animal of seven shares (cow or camel) is used for Aqueeqa, then two shares will be taken for a male and one for a female. The hair of the head is then shaved. Silver, equal to the weight of the shaved hair, is also given in charity. However, this is not compulsory.

MAS'ALAH No. 3: Aqueeqa is performed on the seventh day of the birth of a child. If not done on the seventh day, then, whenever it is done, it should be the seventh day, eg. if the child was born on a Friday, then Aqueeqa should he performed on the following Thursday (the 7th day after birth). If it is not performed on this Thursday, then any other Thursday.

MAS'ALAH No. 4: That animal which is not permissible for Qurbani, is also not permissible for Aqueeqa. Requiremcnts for the animals of Qurbani and Aqueeqa are the same.

MAS'ALAH No. 5: It is permissible to distribute the meat of an animal of Aqueeqa raw or cooked, and can also be served to guests.

MAS'ALAH No. 6: If one does not possess sufficient money, then it is permissible for such a person to sacrifice only one goat for a male child. There is no harm if Aqueeqa is not performed provided one does not have the means for Aqueeqa.

MAS'ALAH No. 7: Before sacrificing the animal (for Aqueeqa), the following Du'aa may he recited:

Which means "O' Allah I sacrifice this animal in Thy name as a sadqa for my child in substitution blood for blood, flesh for flesh, bones for bones, skin for skin and hair for hair. O' Allah accept this sacrifice for the protection of my child from Hell.

If the Aqueeqa is for girl then in place of and mention the name of the child boy or girl at this point.

Du'a for slaughtering: Lay the throat of the animal towards the Qiblah and recite:

("For me, I have set my face, firmly and truly towards Him Who created the heavens and the earth. And never shall I give partners to Allah. Verify my worship and my sacrifice, my living and my dying are for Allah, Lord of the world. O Allah this sacrifice is from you and is for You.)

WHILE SLAUGHTERING THE ANIMAL READ:

("In the name of Allah is the Greatest")

SADAQATUL FITR

ON WHOM IS SADAQATUL FITR WAAJIB:

• Sadaqatul Filr is Waajib upon one who possesses so much that Zakaat is due on him.
• A person (on whom Zakaat is not due) possesses items more than his daily needs (for the purpose of trade or otherwise). The value of these items adds up to the Nisaah (amount for Zakaat being Waajib). Sada qatul Fitr will be Waajib upon such a person as well, even though a whole year may not have passed and such items.
• A person should discharge his Sada qatul Fitr in respect of himself and all those who are dependent upon him like his wife and his minor children (who do not possess any wealth). If they do, the Sadaqatul Fitr may be given from their wealth.
• It is not Waajib to give Sadaqatul Fitr on behalf of a child born on the day of Eid (after the time of Fajr sets in).
• It is not Waajib to give Sadaqatul Fitr on behalf of one's mature children. Yes, one may give on behalf of one's insane child.
• NOTE: One upon whom Sadaqatul Fitr is Waajib, must discharge this duty whether he has observed the Rozas of Ramadhaan or not.
• Sadaqatul Fitr is not Waajib on one for whom it is permissible to take Zakaat and Sadaqatul Fitr.

• Sadaqatul Fitr becomes Waajib on the day of Eid as the time of Fajr Salaah arrives. If one dies before the time of Fajr Salaah, Sadaqatul Fitr will not be Waajib upon him. Neither should it be taken nor paid from his property.

TIME FOR DISCHARGING SADAQATUL FITR:

• It is better to give Sadaqatul Fitr before reaching the Eidgaah. However, if it is not Driven before, it may then be given after the Eid Salaah.
• If one discharge this duty before the day of Eid, i.e. during Kamadhaan, the duty will be regarded as discharged and will not have to be repeated.
• If one did not give Sadaqatul Fitr on Eid day, he will not be absolved of this duty. He should thus give it can any subsequent day.
  

RATE (AMOUNT) OF SADAQATUL FITR:

The following could be given us Sadaqatul liter:

1. 1/2 Saa' wheat, flour, bran or raisins; or
2. one Saa' dates or barley; or
3. The equivalent elf either fine in caulk or kind.
4. One Saa' equals approximately 3.828 kg.

THE RECIPIENTS OF SADAQATUL FITR:

• The recipients of Sadaqatul Fitr are the same as that of Zakaat.
• Further, the Sadaqatul Fitr of one person could be given to just one rightful recipient or could be distributed between a few recipients of Sadaqatul Fitr.
• It is also permissible that the Sadaqatul Fitr of a group of people be collectively given to just one individual (recipient of Sadaqatul Fitr).
  

QUESTIONS

1. Write 5 benefits of giving ZAKAAT?
a.............................................................................................. b.............................................................................................. c.............................................................................................. d.............................................................................................. e..............................................................................................

2. On whom is ZAKAAT FARZ?

3. Name 3 types of wealth on which ZAKAAT is FARZ?
a..............................................................................................
b..............................................................................................
c..............................................................................................

4. Name 3 types of wealth on which ZAKAAT is not FARZ'?
a..............................................................................................
b..............................................................................................
c..............................................................................................

5. In the following table fill in the number and age of ani-n~als that should he paid as ZAKAAT for sheeps and goats.

Index